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The reproductives live in a central room in the nest where a femalequeen or queen, will put many thousands of eggs each year over her life span of approximately a decade. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of every growth stage, slowly changing until they reach the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their stronger skin (cuticle) is able to resist the external environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of discard wings are a fantastic hint to termite infestations.
Soldiers have darker, heads that are bigger than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different types. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout from which they eject a sticky solution which disturbs and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They gather food, groom termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to operate 24 hours a day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're old enough, the young work within the site here colony in which jobs change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and sometimes low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly around 1km, but breezes and updrafts can take them much farther.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Men quickly respond.
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They dig site here in and over the next few weeks, mate and look after their young until enough workers develop to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are sometimes created via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of the colony lose contact and eventually become independent.
The king and queen are thought to emit hormones, which suppress the development of the rest of the colony. This control breaks down if the territory is too big or contact with groups is dropped.
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Termites work collectively in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which can be fed by termites. They then develop into four kinds or castes of termite:
Soldiers have dark heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Employees are the greatest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for damage.
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Reproductives that are darker in colour have functional eyes and strong skin. This caste becomes the leaders of prospective colonies.
The temperature, food quality, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite to grow from egg to mature.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because worker termites cannot stand low official source humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but changes more than one level every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It's important to identify the type of pest termite before beginning treatment. This can help you understand the customs of the colony, locate the nest and indicate the method of control.